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East and West Blockhouses
The East and West Blockhouses were Device Forts built by King Henry VIII to protect the harbour of Milford Haven in Wales in 1539. The two blockhouses were positioned on each side of the Milford Haven Waterway in the villages of Angle and Dale respectively, overlooking the sea. The East Blockhouse was never completed, but the remains were reused as a defensive site in the Second World War. The West Blockhouse was described by contemporaries as forming a round tower with gunports, but it was destroyed when Dale Fort was built on the same site in the 19th century.
==Background==
The two blockhouses were built as a consequence of international tensions between England, France and the Holy Roman Empire in the final years of the reign of King Henry VIII. Traditionally the Crown had left coastal defences to the local lords and communities, only taking a modest role in building and maintaining fortifications, and with France and the Empire in with conflict one another, maritime raids were common but an actual invasion of England seemed unlikely.〔; Hale, p.63.〕 Modest defences, based around simple blockhouses and towers, existed in the south-west and along the Sussex coast, with a few more impressive works in the north of England, but in general the fortifications were very limited in scale.
In 1533, Henry then broke with Pope Paul III in order to annul the long-standing marriage to his wife, Catherine of Aragon and remarry. Catherine was the aunt of Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, and he took the annulment as a personal insult.〔; 〕 This resulted in France and the Empire declaring an alliance against Henry in 1538, and the Pope encouraging the two countries to attack England.〔; 〕 An invasion of England now appeared certain.〔; 〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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